The Controversy Surrounding The Church Essay - 959 Words

Leithart begins this book by talking about the controversy surrounding the church in the 4th century. Athanasius, a young man brought up in a pagan household, was taught to fear the Lord from a man named Alexander from a young age. Athanasius’ main opponent during his lifetime was to discount Arianism, a heresy that tried to propose the â€Å"subordination of the Son to the Father,† a view that outright â€Å"denied the eternal generation of the Son,† making Jesus less than God. The Arians believed that â€Å"the Father exists prior to the Son, since the Son is not eternal, that is, not timelessly self-subsistent† to the Father. This is to say that the Father does not eternally generate the Son, but instead came into being at a certain point in history, a blatant heresy that was corrected by Athanasius and the Church council in the 4th century. Athanasius believed that Jesus was â€Å"shepherd, high priest†¦Passover Sacrafice,† which manifests itself now in the living incarnate son of Jesus Christ. Jesus is unique, however, in the fact that he is the all-sustaining high priest â€Å"without transition and without succession.† Athanasius also believed that Jesus is eternally generated by the father, and that Jesus, along with the father, is unoriginate, from alpha to omega. Leithart states that the Arians dishonor God by describing Jesus as originate, while Athanasius equates Jesus with God and the Holy Spirit in the Holy Trinity. There are four primary paradigms that Athanasius finds inShow MoreRelatedThe Da Vinci Code: Faith, Fact, and the Conspiracies Behind Them1576 Words   |  7 PagesCatholicism and the modern day church. In his article, â€Å"Breaking the Code†, Maurice Timothy Reidy states, â€Å"Completely turned my opinion of the Bible and the Catholic Church upside down.† In th is article, Reidy explains the influence The Da Vinci Code has over people’s views of Christianity. The doubt Dan Brown’s novel instilled in people created an uproar from the church. In Joseph King’s article, â€Å"Dan Brown’s Da Vinci Code Spawns New Religion† he explains, â€Å"The Roman Catholic Church denounced the ‘lies’ propagatedRead MoreEssay about Its Time for the Separation of Church and State1644 Words   |  7 PagesIts Time for the Separation of Church and State â€Å"In God We Trust† on the dollar bill, The Ten Commandments at a state court house. These are things over the past year that you might have heard in the news causing some controversy. As current events go on, the Separation of Church and State is being brought into light more and more every day. When the United States Constitution was founded in the 18th century, many liberties were given to its citizens. One of those rights was the freedom ofRead MoreDeath Penalty Argumentative Essay1424 Words   |  6 Pages  This type of punishment for inmates is involved in controversy over whether or not it is an acceptable form of punishment for criminals and also whether or not it is immoral.   There are many arguments for both sides of the debate, each making valid points and pointing out the flaws of the opposing position. Many religions are either for or against capital punishment, due to them either being against killing or for it.   The controversy surrounding the deat h penalty laws in the United States is madeRead MoreAssisted Suicide And The Euthanasia Movement1273 Words   |  6 Pagesworld every day; either under agreeable or disagreeable terms, depending on each person’s opinion. What is assisted suicide and why is controversy over this topic still here after at least 1,500 years of existence (A Merciful End: The Euthanasia Movement in Modern America)? There are many factors to consider when one wants to figure out the side of this global controversy they want to belong to. Some of these include financial demands, different types of assisted suicide, general suicidal rates (in areasRead MoreThe Pope Jorge Mario Bergoglio Essay1085 Words   |  5 Pagesbecame Pontiff, he fell under worldwide dispute. Primarily, he was the first Pope to hail from somewhere other than Europe, being the Jesuit Archbishop of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and a native of the city (â€Å"Biography† 1). He also stirred immediate controversy by electing the papal name of Francis; a name that was thought by many Catholics to only belong to St. Francis of Assisi, the Italian saint most revered for his life of poverty and dedication to the poor (Raushenbush 1). Pope Francis was devotedRead MoreThe Silencing of Mary Dyer778 Words   |  3 PagesWilliam, were above the average education levels. They were admitted in the Boston Church after they immigrated to Massachusetts. After William became a fee man of the Bay colony, he became involved with a lot of public relations and soon had a lot of importance among the people. (Notable Women Ancestors) Anne Hutchinson and Mary Dyer were friends. Mary and her husband supported Anne in the antinomian controversy, which was â€Å"One of the most enduring myths in American history is the belief thatRead MoreThe War Of Mississippi State Flag1105 Words   |  5 Pagesstars representing the number of Confederate states. The Mississippi flag should be changed because of the controversies lately surrounding the confederate flag. The controversy of the Confederate flag has been renewed again after the Charleston church shooting in June of 2015. Dylan Roof who is a self-proclaimed racist, shot and killed nine black people in a historic Charleston church. Since then many major retailers like Walmart and EBay have taken down products that display anything to do withRead MoreThe Relationship between Science and Religion814 Words   |  3 Pagesreligions played a major role in the development of science. Theologians helped determined what theories should be acceptable to the public and other scientist. The most memorable events in history are Galileo’s trial by the Inquisition and the controversy surrounding Darwin’s theory of evolution. Many great scientists were in fact devout in their religions and tried to accommodate religious faith and be flexible with their theories. At the same time, others tried to find a way to connect new discoveriesRead MoreChristian Speculation about the End of Times1807 Words   |  7 Pagesargue that the reinterpretation of the past should better seen as a legitimating force rather than the primary cause of the controversy. Sociologist Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) described religion as ‘a unified system of beliefs and practices (†¦) which unite into one single moral community called a Church’: for him, ‘the idea of religion is inseparable from that of the Church’ (Durkheim cited in Harvey, 2013, p. 8). This definition fits well with established religion in the past – a strong cohesiveRead MoreThe Issue Of Abortion On The United States Essay1280 Words   |  6 Pagesthe fledgling Christian Church and in turn all of Christendom. Between the 5th and 16 century views on abortion changed as abortion came to gradually become acceptable as long as it was performed before â€Å"The Quickening† which was a term for when the mother first felt the child move within her womb, which was usually at 18 or 20 weeks. (BBC) This view on abortion prevailed in mainland Europe, England and Colonial America up until the mid-1800s when the moral issues surrounding Abortion started to become

History of Modern Psychology Anna Freud - 1346 Words

Male visionaries dominated in the philosophical contributions to the psychology as a formal discipline; however, many prominent women pioneered major roles in psychology history between 1850 and 1950 (Goodwin, 2005). Freud Sigmund was not only among the Freudian to build credibility in psychology field, this is because Anna Freud-her youngest daughter took career in psychology and made important contributions in the history of psychology. The paper will discuss the background of Anna, her theoretical perspective, and the contributions she made to the field of psychology. Anna’s Background Martha and Sigmund had six children, the youngest was Anna born in December 1895. Anna was a mischievous girl who had great admiration the work of her†¦show more content†¦Ego psychology usually represents the followers of Anna and Sigmund Freud teachings (Coles, 1992). Present day ego psychology is loyal to Freud’s work with a foundation of psychoanalysis, although it is more ordinary and practical of the ego in the application of psychoanalysis. Anna Freud mentored Erikson Erik, who is popular for his expansion works in ego psychology field and psychoanalysis (Goodwin, 2005). The mentorship of Anna influence Erik professional and academic career in psychology. Anna and Erik when he was tutoring children in Heitzing School managed by Dorothy Burlingham, a longtime friend of Anna. Anna saw the skillful manner of Erikson with the children and showed her interest in guiding Erik to study more regarding child psychology. According to Young-Bruehl, (1988) the main passion of Anna was child psychology. Anna devoted most her energy and time analyzing and studying children suffering traumas, majorly from the effects of the war. Most of the children were predisposed to lasting traumas, while others were blind or handicapped. Anna normally stated that she was happy she did not have her own children, despite the years on her life she devoted to help children she barely knew. Sigmund had focused entirely on adultsShow MoreRelatedAnna Freud. Bio Essay1357 Words   |  6 PagesAnna Freud The philosophic contributions to the formal discipline of psychology have primarily been dominated by male visionaries, but many notable women pioneered a role in the history of psychology between 1850 and 1950. Sigmund Freud was not the only Freudian to establish credibility in the field of psychology, as his youngest daughter Anna Freud pursued a career in psychology and made significant historic contributions. Anna’s background, theoretical perspective, and contributions to theRead MoreMoore 1. Kristen Moore. Mrs. Kristy French. English Iii1443 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Relevancy of Freudian Psychology When one unintentionally says something that reveals their thoughts, this is known as a Freudian Slip. 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Her father, Dr. Moriz Reisez, was undoubtedlyRead MoreSigmund Freud : The Field Of Psychology1924 Words   |  8 PagesOne of the most profound intellectuals in the field of psychology is Sigmund Freud. Though many may have never even heard his name, he is a well-respected and studied asset to modern day psychology history and teachings. Sigmund Freud, born on May 6th 1856 in Freiberg, Austria, was a prominent neurologist and psychiatrist. Born i nto a Jewish family originally from Bohemia, then forced to flee to Vienna, Freud showed his intelligence and thirst for knowledge at an early age reading Shakespeare atRead MoreMajor Schools of Thought in Psychology829 Words   |  4 PagesSchools of Thought Throughout psychology s history, a number of different schools of thought have been formed to explain human thought and behaviour. These schools of thought often rise to dominance for a period of time. While these schools of thought are sometimes perceived as competing forces, each perspective has contributed to our understanding of psychology. The following are some of the major schools of thought in psychology. †¢ Structuralism †¢ Functionalism †¢ Psychoanalysis †¢ Behaviourism Read MoreTheoretical Views Essay1698 Words   |  7 PagesPsychology is now and always has been a strongly debated science. Beginning from the time psychology first became separated from the philosophy and biology sciences, there has been controversy. The subject, most debated, was the explanation and description of human behavior as well as the human mind. It was the schools of thought in psychology that allowed for the major names in psychology that we study and read about on what seems to be a daily basis that put theoretical opinions and differencesRead MorePsychological And Social Aspects Of Psychological Criticism1660 Words   |  7 Pagesof mind of the characters, and the aims of the author. Freud (1856–1939) depicts a diagram to explain the system of psychological internal work. This plan is a â€Å"topographical† map that classifies thought into three sorts: conscious, preconscious and unconscious. Later, he assumes the latter as a basic introduction to his theory. In turn, his schemes consider three contradictory forces: the biological, psychological and social aspects. Freud argues that human behavior is controlled by two things:Read MoreThe Development of Counseling and Psychotherapy1862 Words   |  7 Pagesin Freuds contributions. However, modern bodies of thought have over time contributed towards the shaping of quite a number of modern counseling and psychotherapy approaches. During the 1880s, Freud was involved in a number of research studies in an attempt to shed some light on the workings of the human brain. The setting of the studies at that time was Vienna. As Sommers-Flanagan and Sommers-Flanagan (2012) note, it was at the University of Vienna that Freud undertook his undergraduate studiesRead MoreSigmund Freud Essay1721 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Man is a wolf to man.† These are the words that surprised millions when Freud first opened the discussion of human nature (Freud). Sigmund Freud, born in 1856 and died in 1939, was known to be the father of psychoanalysis (Jones). He lived his whole life trying to reach into the human unconsciousness and unravel the puzzle of life, human personality, and human nature (Chiriac). Sigmund Freud was influenced by the environment post World War I, and influenced the world through his theories and hisRead MoreDr. Franz Anton Mesmer s Theory Of Magnetism Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pagesinto a therapeutic design. Sigmund Freud was among Charcot’s bulk of successful students. Engrossed in the psychological aspect of the mysterious phenomenon, Freud would apply hypnosis as an advantageous practice within a therapeutic setting. Close friend and psychologist Josef Breuer introduced Freud to the healing techniques of hypnosis through the disclosure of details regarding one of his hysterical patients famously known as Anna O.. Breuer would engage Anna O. in a hypnotic state in which she

Activity Children Adolescent Cerebral Palsy â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Activity Children Adolescent Cerebral Palsy? Answer: Introduction Nurses at times falls in a dilemma regarding what to do or what not to do in the domain of giving quality care to the patient as they are guided by the strict rules and regulation of the Professional Code of Conduct for Nurses in Australia designed by Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA). The following essay throws light o such a complex clinical scenario, nurse dilemma and the recommended practice that must be undertaken by the nurse. The essay here starts with a argumentative thought via justifying the action of the nurse for not responding to the patients invitation of proposal. The essay further illustrates in the justification that can be cited n the grounds of the nurse welcoming the patients friendly proposal. At the end the essay provided a reflective thought on what should be done in a ideal case scenario and what are the possible beneficial outcomes if the nurse responds to the patintents proposal. Discussion According to the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA), nurses will be held accountable for their clinical practice. Here the nurses are compelled to practice with in a pre-defined scope of practice and such practices must be in accordance with the framework designed by the concerned regulatory authority (NMBA) (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia 2010). The NMBA code of conduct also states that, Nurses must only deliver care within their individual scope of practice. So here the individual scope of practice of Sam Mills, a RN nurse working in the GP clinical only encompass redressing of the chronic leg wound of their regular client named Lee and not assisting him in a pasta date at restaurant. Though Sam shares a personal relationship with Lee as he is his instant neighbor and resides in the same locality, Sam must here restrict this conversation of relationship into the professional domain only and must refrain himself from entering into a personal equation. Sam must only engage in therapeutic and professional relationships with the client. Moreover, Sam must think critically and analyze the nursing practice (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia 2015). In this case, Lee is suffering from Cerebral Palsy. According to Campanozzi et al, (2007), patient with cerebral palsy is management with gastrointestinal disorder such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and/or chronic constipation (CC). The main symptom of GERD is acid reflux due to the backflow of the acid from the stomach into the esophagus (Jung, 2011). So having pasta, which is high on cheese, carbohydrate may further aggravate his complications related to GERD. Here Sam must practice nursing in a safe and competent manner and via doing this, he must encourage Lee to have some meal, which is rich in vegetables, oatmeal, non-citrus food, lean meals and egg whites. This specific diet plan is less likely to trigger the acid reflux symptoms and hence can be proving beneficial for trea t the GERD of Lee (Austin et al. 2006). Sam must also maintain the capability for practice. Under this code of conduct, Sam must educate his patient (Lee) via providing information regarding the diet complication in case of cerebral palsy and must take action for his health via forbidding him to indulge in such rich diet. Sam must also provide safe, appropriate and responsive quality nursing practice. The people who are affected with cerebral palsy are characterized by a significant movement disorder. Among these movement disorders there lays spasticity and dystonia and at time both. These to movement disorder create a huge barrier in the ground of the performing normal daily activity and in severe cases; the join paint may become unbearable giving rise to periodic deformity (Lundy, Lumsden and Fairhurst 2009). It is also recognized that painful hip joint can result in poor tolerance during a seated position and at times may need frequent turning (common at bedtime). Since Lee is su ffering from cerebral palsy, he is supposed to pass through the complications of joint pain and hence it will not be medical feasible for him to have a pasta in a seated position for a long (Papavasiliou 2009). Here Sam must take into consideration of the medical stature of Lee and prevent him from going out with him. He must rather encourage him to have his lunch while at home in a half seated posture and this not only be helpful for his health but also crucial for his security issues. Moreover, since Lee shares his house with his friend and hence he will get someone to give him company while eating. The patient with cerebral palsy experience frequent seizures and spasm and hence it is better not to take a risk with a patient like Lee for an external outing alone with Sam. However, according to the code of professional conduct for nurses in Australia, nurses must support health and well-being of the patient. They must also support in the process of informed decision making of the people who are receiving or requiring the nursing care. So in order to maintain the health and the well-being of Lee, Sam must allow him to provide company in the Vinnys Pasta. This cannot be considered beyond the professional code of conduct as the case study states that Lee is underweight and hates eating alone. Moreover, Lee is suffering from Cerebral Palsy. Cerebral Palsy is neurodegenerative disorder that begins early in life and persists throughout the life tenure (Rosenbaum et al., 2007). It is the disorder of the movement and symptoms include muscle stiffness, tremor, hearing problem, difficulty in swallowing and speaking (Australia, 2016). So due to this movement disorder, Lee might become self-conscious while going into public (restaurant) and enjoy the meal. Since S am is the next-door neighbor to Lee, Lee shares certain level of comfort zone with him and thus willing to enjoy the meal with him. According to the nursing code of conduct, the nursing practice must not be restricted in the grounds of the clinical care and must extend beyond that. Here the nurses must use their nursing skills and knowledge to work in a non-clinical relationship with the client. Here spending time with the patient beyond the tenure of nursing duty comes under the non-clinical relationship but while doing this, Sam will actually help Lee in having his food. In this case, Lee is unwilling to take his food alone and it is the nursing endeveaour to promote the betterment of the patient to overcome such restrictions. Moreover, as per the case study, clinic has no fixed policy regarding the RN going out for a meal with the patient and hence even if Sam plans to take Lee to the Vinnys Pasta, it will not fall under any marketing rule. According nursing code of ethics, benef icence is an action done for the benefit of the patients and such actions are undertaken to prevent to the patient or to improve the situation (Finfgeld?Connett 2008). Though the nurses are refrained from causing harm to the patient, they must also have obligation to help the patient (Fahrenwald et al. 2005). So, under the act of beneficence, Sam must help Lee to enjoy his meal with him. Since Lee suffers from certain psychological complications and hates eating his meal alone, Sam as a registered nurse must come forward and help Lee to help with his meal. Having proper meal on the other hand will prove to be beneficial for Lee as he is under weight and gaining proper nutrition is also a prime need for the patients of cerebral palsy (Riggs, White and Gropper, 2007). Non-maleficence means, do not harm (Oberle and Allen 2006). Here the nurses or the physicians must refrain themselves from providing ineffective treatment. Here the concern of ineffective treatment can be discussed in a different way. Lee has a chronic leg wound and for which, he needs regular dressing. If Lee is left alone to go out for a meal at Vinnys Pasta, the chances are there that he may further encounter injury at the same position and since he is suffering from cerebral palsy and the possibility of the rate of occurrence are high (Verschuren et al. 2012). So in order to provide an effective treatment in the long run, Sam must allow Lee to assist him to the Vinnys Pasta. Reflection and Practical Experience As per my nursing knowledge, understanding and practical experience, if I was in the Sams position, I will not discuss my personal plans with the patients in the first pace. This is due to the fact that as per the code of professional conduct for Nurses in Australia, Nurses must treat the personal information obtained from the patient in a professional capacity as private and confidential (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia 2015). So, when nurses are required to keep patients information private, I will not reveal my personal plans to the patients as well and will only try to maintain a strict professional relationship (Leiter and Laschinger 2006). But, in order to generate inherent relationship with the patient along with a trusting understanding, nurses at times takes a friendly attitude and Sam as per my understanding has taken that very domain of nursing practice (Arnold and Boggs 2015). So now, when the plan has been revealed and Lee has expressed his interest to join Sam, I will prefer taking Lee with me if I was in Sams position. Since I know him personally, it will be easier for me to adjust with him at Vinnys Pasta and both Lee and I will not feel uncomfortable. Moreover, via having proper meal, it will help Lee to fight back against his under weight problem (Austin et al. 2006). If I deny or refuse him, it might become a case that Lee does not have his meal for the day at all. Now this will harm him adversely as patient with cerebral palsy suffers from GERD disease and empty stomach may further aggravate the acid reflux (Katz and Zavala 2010). Moreover, a patient with cerebral palsy want to remain fit like other placebo and wants to be accepted and welcomed by the peers (Parkes et al. 2008). However, due to their physical complications, they at times fail to gain friends. It is the duty of the family members and the care givers to understand the difficulty via communicating with them, discussing their emotional problem and providing a positive s upport. Cerebral palsy is common in the children and hence it can be ascertained that Lee is a young boy and due to his physical limitations (Vargus-Adams, 2005), he suffers from loneliness and feels de-motivated to have the meal all alone. Since he lives always from his parents, it is the duty of the caregiver to come forward and help Lee with these emotional and psychological problems. I will prefer going at Vinnys Pasta with Lee, this will give him a physical protection as he is suffering from chronic leg injury and will give him the opportunity to discuss his problems with emotional complications related to the phobia or dislike of eating alone. May be he suffers from the problem of difficulty in swallowing and if he has his meal while in company of others, he might overlook his share of swallowing pain. My practical experience says that patients open up while on conversation over a platter of meal or coffe and hence I will prefer taking Lee with me at Vinnys pasta. Conclusion Thus from the above discussion it can be concluded that, nurses must support the health and well being the patients. So in order to provide them with quality care, they at times must go beyond their professional relationships with the individuals as well as with their families or the concerned group of the communities. They must promote a thoughtful development of the constructive relationships. Moreover, they must not restrict themselves in the domain, which gives only provision for the direct clinical care. They must extend the nursing practice to any paid or unpaid role where they need to utilize their nursing skills and knowledge. This practice will eventually promote working in direct yet non-clinical relationships with the patients. References Arnold, E.C. and Boggs, K.U., 2015.Interpersonal Relationships-E-Book: Professional Communication Skills for Nurses. Elsevier Healthcare Sciences. Austin, G.L., Thiny, M.T., Westman, E.C., Yancy, W.S. and Shaheen, N.J., 2006. A very low-carbohydrate diet improves gastroesophageal reflux and its symptoms.Digestive diseases and sciences,51(8), pp.1307-1312. Australia, H., 2016. Cerebral palsy symptoms. Campanozzi, A., Capano, G., Miele, E., Romano, A., Scuccimarra, G., Del Giudice, E., Strisciuglio, C., Militerni, R. and Staiano, A., 2007. Impact of malnutrition on gastrointestinal disorders and gross motor abilities in children with cerebral palsy.Brain and Development,29(1), pp.25-29. Fahrenwald, N.L., Bassett, S.D., Tschetter, L., Carson, P.P., White, L. and Winterboer, V.J., 2005. Teaching core nursing values.Journal of Professional Nursing,21(1), pp.46-51. Finfgeld?Connett, D., 2008. Qualitative convergence of three nursing concepts: art of nursing, presence and caring.Journal of Advanced Nursing,63(5), pp.527-534. Jung, H.K., 2011. Epidemiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Asia: a systematic review.Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility,17(1), p.14. Katz, P.O. and Zavala, S., 2010. Proton pump inhibitors in the management of GERD.Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery,14(1), pp.62-66. Leiter, M.P. and Laschinger, H.K.S., 2006. Relationships of work and practice environment to professional burnout: testing a causal model.Nursing research,55(2), pp.137-146. Lundy, C., Lumsden, D. and Fairhurst, C., 2009. Treating complex movement disorders in children with cerebral palsy.The Ulster medical journal,78(3), p.157. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (2010) A nurses guide to professional boundaries. Retrieved September 2017, www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Professionalstandards.aspx Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia. (2015) Supervision guidelines for nursing and midwifery. Retrieved September 2017, www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Registration-andEndorsement/reentry-to-practice.aspx Oberle, K. and Allen, M., 2006. Ethical considerations for nurses in clinical trials.Nursing Ethics,13(2), pp.180-186. Papavasiliou, A.S., 2009. Management of motor problems in cerebral palsy: a critical update for the clinician.european journal of paediatric neurology,13(5), pp.387-396. Parkes, J., White?Koning, M., Dickinson, H.O., Thyen, U., Arnaud, C., Beckung, E., Fauconnier, J., Marcelli, M., McManus, V., Michelsen, S.I. and Parkinson, K., 2008. Psychological problems in children with cerebral palsy: a cross?sectional European study.Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,49(4), pp.405-413. Professional Code of Conduct f Nurses in Australia. (2017). [ebook] Melbourne: Nursing Midwifery Board Australia, pp.2 to 4. Available at: https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Search.aspx?q=Code+of+Professional+Conduct+for+Nurses+in+Australia [Accessed 24 Sep. 2017]. Riggs, A.J., White, B.D. and Gropper, S.S., 2007. Changes in energy expenditure associated with ingestion of high protein, high fat versus high protein, low fat meals among underweight, normal weight, and overweight females.Nutrition journal,6(1), p.40. Rosenbaum, P., Paneth, N., Leviton, A., Goldstein, M., Bax, M., Damiano, D., Dan, B. and Jacobsson, B., 2007. A report: the definition and classification of cerebral palsy April 2006.Dev Med Child Neurol Suppl,109(suppl 109), pp.8-14. Vargus-Adams, J., 2005. Health-related quality of life in childhood cerebral palsy.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation,86(5), pp.940-945. Verschuren, O., Wiart, L., Hermans, D. and Ketelaar, M., 2012. Identification of facilitators and barriers to physical activity in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy.The journal of pediatrics,161(3), pp.488-494.

Food cart free essay sample

A food cart is a mobile food service operation that generally offers various types of fast food to walk-up customers. It may also be referred to as a mobile kitchen, a food booth, or a food kiosk. This type of street food is a popular staple in many cities around the world such as the hot dog carts in New York City, for example and is rapidly spreading to other locations due to its convenience factor, and the fact that it often represents a great way to get local, relatively inexpensive food rather than visiting a chain fast food restaurant. The cart may be self propelled, as in a food truck, or it may be towed by another vehicle. In many cases, a food cart will only offer one particular type of food. For instance, a taco truck is a relatively popular type of food cart, offering customers one very specific food, but in a number of different creations or combinations. We will write a custom essay sample on Food cart or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some might serve a few different types of foods, more similar to a rolling restaurant or bakery than a simple hot dog stand. Food carts exist for any meal of the day, with different ones offering selections for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. In many cities, food carts are becoming an integral part of street culture, with people even taking food cart tours to visit the different options an area has to offer, or going on late-night searches to find the changing location of a favorite cart. A food cart often represents an excellent and lucrative business idea. Operating costs are fairly low, and only require the purchase of the food cart, the ingredients for preparing specific dishes, and paying a limited staff; many cities will also require the vendor to purchase a license. Some food carts will also capitalize on late-night business in a city, parking outside of bars, for instance. This allows them to find built-in clientele without a great deal of advertising costs or effort. Additionally, some couples are now even having food carts cater their wedding. Referred to as mobile catering, this allows the food cart to simply arrive at the wedding, and allow guests to make their selections. This is a more popular option for casual, outdoor events; it is not necessary to limit this to weddings, either. It is an easy way to ensure convenient catering and easy clean-up at any type of large party or business event. It is important to keep in mind when eating at any food cart, however, that cleanliness can be an issue, so be sure to look around and make sure that food is being handled properly, and that any food safety certifications are displayed and up to date. Introduction This study aims to rationalize information of a proposed business in order to provide a clear rationale of basic factors in marketing which includes the strength and weakness in a venture and the opportunity and threat that is presented by the environment.

Miltons Satan In Paradise Lost Essays - Fallen Angels, Satan

Milton's Satan In Paradise Lost Critics abroad have argued about who the hero is of John Miltons Paradise Lost: Satan, Adam or Christ, the Son? Since Miltons overall theme stated in the opening lines of Book I is to relate Mans first disobedience and to justify the ways of God to men, Adam must be regarded as the main hero. John M. Steadman supports this view in an essay on Paradise Lost: It is Adams action which constitutes the argument of the epic. Steadman continues: The Son and Satan embody heroic archetypes and that, through the interplay of the infernal and celestial strategies, Milton represents Satans plot against man and Christs resolution to save him as heroic enterprises. Christ and Satan are therefore epic machines. (268-272) Although Satan may be an epic machine, he is best portrayed as the tragic anti-hero of Paradise Lost or, at the very least, a main character who possesses the stature and attributes which enable him to achieve tragic status. In the Greek tradition, the essential components of tragedy are admiration, fear and pity for the hero, who has to display a tragic weakness or flaw in his character, which will lead to his downfall. It might be argued that the flaws in Satans character are such that we should feel no admiration, fear or pity for him, yet he can be seen to inspire these emotions. Satans tragic flaws are pointed out in Book I. They are envy, pride, and ambition towards self-glorification. Satans pride, in particular, is stressed throughout Paradise Lost. In accordance with epic convention, Satan is frequently qualified by Miltons use of the word proud. Virgil used the same device in his epic the Aeneid, in which the name of Aeneas rarely appears without being preceded by pious. Th e most striking visual example of Satans main weaknesses appears in Book IV (89-90) during Raphaels narrative to Adam regarding the battles in Heaven, Raphael refers to Satan as the proud/Aspirer. Proud at the end of one line and Aspirer at the beginning of the next gives equal emphasis and impact to Satans pride and ambition and it is implied that, in Satan, the two characters are inseparable and of equal importance. Milton, in fact, defended his use of blank verse as a suitable vehicle for epic poetry, as opposed to the frequently favored heroic couplet. How then, does Satan inspire the feelings of admiration, fear and pity necessary to a tragic figure? Milton was, undoubtedly, conscious that he was in danger of portraying Satan as too much of a heroic figure and made efforts to belittle him through the use of unflattering imagery, and by highlighting his less complimentary characteristics. Nonetheless, our emotions are still fired. Our first encounter with Satan and his rebel hos ts occurs in Book I when they are recovering from the shock of having been expelled from heaven by the Son after three days of fighting the angels of God. Despite the defeat he has suffered, Satan gains our admiration by displaying resilience in quickly coming to terms with the change in his circumstances, in remustering his forces and organizing the building of his palace, Pandemonium. At the same time he demonstrates his determination not to be defeated and shows true qualities of leadership, persuasively arguing that there is still hope for battle and victory. Satan is convincing in his first speech to Beelzebub, his chief partner in crime, as he declares: What though the field be lost? All is not lost; the unconquerable will, And study of revenge, immortal hate, And courage never to submit or yield: And what is else not to be overcome? That glory never shall his wrath or might Extort from me. (I. 105-111) The language here is particularly powerful and the lines are extremely weighted, underlining Satans resolution. He similarly instills renewed resolve in his followers to challenge God and hope of regaining their former state, claiming that they are now better placed to contend because there is not fear of division in their own ranks (II.11-42). He then gives his supporters the opportunity to speak their minds as to whether to engage in open warfare or in guile to achieve their end; although ultimately

Resumes for New Grads 5 Great Tips to Organize your Education Section

Resumes for New Grads 5 Great Tips to Organize your Education Section I wrote this article for New Grad Life, so its catered to new grads, but a lot of the advice is relevant to anyone who has significant items to include under Education.   Of course, if youve been out of school for 10 years, do NOT put the Education section first (that advice is for new grads only)!   A possible exception is if you are applying for a job at a university where the name of your undergraduate or graduate institution is the most important credential you have on your resume. Read here: 5 Great Tips to Organize Your Education Section Category:Resume TipsBy Brenda BernsteinFebruary 6, 2010

Lawsuits Against the Police Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lawsuits Against the Police - Essay Example When one looks into the reports of police brutality coming in from different parts of the US, the numbers are simply shocking. Roberts (2007) has reported that â€Å"a Google search for â€Å"police brutality videos† had showed him, â€Å"2,210,000 entries.† Quoting a Human Rights Watch report, Roberts (2007) has also observed that in most cases, â€Å"no disciplinary action and criminal prosecution† took place. This is because of the difficulties involved in proving the unlawful act of the police officer, the reluctance of prosecutors to fight cases against the police with whom they have good â€Å"institutionalized relationships†, and also because of the general sympathetic attitude of the jurors towards the police (Barak, 2007, p.507). The Justice Department of the United States has the powers to sue police departments under the Violent Crime Control Act (1994) for such misconduct (Barak, 2007, p.506). In the last two decades, such prosecutions include d cases against: New Jersey Police Department to limit its reliance on racial profiling in traffic stops; an Ohio police force to reduce its use of excessive force; the Pittsburgh police department for increased oversight and accountability; and the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) over the Rampart scandal, where, in August 2000, a federal judge ruled that the government’s antiracketeering statute †¦could be used against the police (Barak, 2007, p.506). Individual citizens who were subjected to police brutality and abuse have also been filing law suits against police (Barak, 2007, p.506). In some of those cases, courts have awarded huge sums of compensation to the complainants. For example, the Detroit police department was found to have â€Å"paid an average of $10 million dollars per year to resolve lawsuits arising from police misconduct† (Barak, 2007, p.506). Between 1994 and 1996, the New York City had paid an amount of $70 million as compensation awarded by courts in police brutality lawsuits (Collins and Human Rights Watch, 1998, p.78). Similarly, the Los Angeles city had to pay $79.2 million during the period, 1991-96 (Collins and Human Rights Watch, 1998, p.78). When a police officer carries out some kind of ethical or criminal violation, the punishment for that will generally come up to â€Å"reprimands or dismissal from the job†, and also in some cases, â€Å"fines, probation, or incarceration in a prison or jail† (Carmen, 2009, p.444). And in case of violations leading to civil liabilities, â€Å"monetary payment for damages and attorney’s fees,† will be the sanctions imposed (Carmen, 2009, p.444). The liabilities for violations for a police officer could be either under the state or the federal law or both (Carmen, 2009, p.446). Under Federal law, the liabilities are addressed by certain provisions under Civil Action for Deprivation of Civil Right, Conspiracy to Interfere with Civil Rights, Equal Rights Under the Law, Criminal Liability for Deprivation of Civil Rights, Criminal Liability for Conspiracy to Deprive a Person of Rights, Violations of Federally Protected Activities, and other Federal agency rules and guidelines (Carmen, 446). The state tort law, â€Å"state penal code provisions†, and â€Å"regular penal code provisions† are the state laws involved (Carmen, 2009,

Murder of Westerman as a Catalyst of the American Civil War Cruelty Coursework

Murder of Westerman as a Catalyst of the American Civil War Cruelty - Coursework Example The alliance of Southern slave states was named as the Confederate States of America, and this alliance was a result of secession of slave states from the Northern American States. There are many books that have narrated the brutal and significant events of Civil War; however, Tony Horwitz’s book Confederates in the Attic: Dispatches from the Unfinished Civil War is a considerably appropriate and successful book in which Horwitz has narrated the events in contemporary and personal context. In describing the Civil War Horwitz wrote that, â€Å"Historians are fond of saying that the Civil War occurred in 10,00 places. Poke a pin in a map of the South and you're likely to prod lose some battle or skirmish or another tuft of Civil War history† (Horwitz 18). The storytelling acquired by the author illuminates the criticality and impact of the Civil War in contemporary American Society (3-27).In the Civil War, the murder of Michael Westerman who was a supporter of confederate s is considered as one of the most significant events which had intensified the Civil War. This paper will discuss the event of the assassination of Westerman, and it will also explicate the happenings in response to this murder. It is also aimed to describe the social and emotional reasons for the murder of Westerman along with reasons which intensified the war after the murder of Westerman in the light of Horwitz narration in his book Confederates in the Attic: Dispatches from the Unfinished Civil War.Michael Westerman was during a journey with his wife Hannah just after she gave birth to twin children. Westerman was driving a red pickup truck on which a confederation flag was mounted. He was in Todd County which is a county located in Kentucky. Kentucky was not declaredly a part of Confederation States of America; however, there were many significant similarities present in the conduct of Kentucky with the ideals of Confederation States. Westerman stopped at a gas station for ref illing the fuel in his vehicle. At the gas station, there was a group of black teenager who noticed the Westerman’s vehicle with a confederation flag mounted on it which the group of black American teenagers considered as an offense (89-91). The Confederation flag was considered offensive because of the ideology of racial inequality that the Confederation States followed. Westerman was followed by the group of black teenagers who harassed him on the road several times. Westerman increased the speed of his vehicle to escape the encounter with the group of teenagers. Westerman did not know that he was being chased by another car driven by black teenagers. As soon as the car came near to Westerman's car, a teenager shot a bullet on his car. The gunshot targeted Westerman, and he was murdered in the middle of the road in Kentucky (90-93). Horwitz metaphorically displays the intensity and brutality of civil war along with his interest in it by stating, â€Å"The War’s actu al landscape was lush with color and beauty† (15).

Analysis of Euthanasia Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis of Euthanasia - Assignment Example Most of the countries consider non-voluntary euthanasia illegal. Involuntary euthanasia is considered murder even if the patient has a terminal illness and is in great pain. Non-voluntary euthanasia is one in which there is no consent and takes place by terminating the medication of sufferer and it is against patient’s will and is illegal in the Netherlands under Groningen euthanasia rules. Euthanasia carried out with the consent of the patient is known as voluntary euthanasia. In Belgium, Luxembourg and Netherlands active voluntary euthanasia is considered legal by the law. Interchangeably the term assisted suicide is also used to describe a physician-assisted death. Many countries refuse treatment for patients who become comatose (Dowbiggin,13). Referring back to the history of euthanasia it started in the era of Emperor Augustus who died in the arms of his wife without suffering (Dean, 276). The term euthanasia was firstly used by Francis Bacon in the early 17th century. The main aim of this practice was to have an easy, painless and happy death. There is a great debate-related to euthanasia which discusses both its pros and cons. The points which favor euthanasia includes the patient’s right to have a peaceful end of life, helping the patient in dying might be more beneficial for the patient rather than leaving him to suffer. There are many social and moral values when the topic of euthanasia arises. There are a lot of controversies. Arguments regarding euthanasia often vary with the method adopted for the patient’s death. Oregon death with dignity act made it legal for their residents and they were allowed to request for lethal injection (Perrett, 368). Â  

The study of behavior through organisational behavior

The study of behavior through organisational behavior Organisational behaviour is actually the study of the behaviour of people working in an organisation. In other word we can say that it is the study and understanding of individual and group behaviour and patterns of structure in order to help in raising organisational successfulness, performance and effectiveness. It is also express as the study and application of knowledge about how people, individuals and groups act in work organisation. There is a close relationship between organisational behaviour and management. We are surrounded by organisations everywhere like where we study ,do our activities, do jobs, we use them in any sense mode of communication, etc. We use thousands of organisations on regular intervals. So we can understand how organisations influenced our daily life and how much they are important. It plays a vital role in the lives of us. It is important to know how organisation function and how they exercise to the behaviour of people. It is much more significant to know interrelationship with other variables that together form the whole organisation. The behaviour of people in work organisation is being watched in terms of multi related figures concerning the individual, the group, the organisation and the environment. Achieving the effectiveness or success of an organisation is not an easy task . it can be achieved through the process of management, efforts of members of the organisation, co-ordination and organisational objectives. Relationship between the organisation and the individual is the psychological contract. The nature of expectations has an influence on the relationship between employment and behaviour in work organisation. Now a time a major challenges faces by managers is due to an increasingly global business environment. This increases the need for cross cultural approach to the study of organisational behaviour and the management of people. Because of increasingly international context, managers need to understand the impact of national culture. The management of organisation is not totally dependent on internal factors but it is also influenced by external and environmental factors. For an effective performance of work organisation, it has to respond to challenges, opportunities and limitations presented by external environment. Organisational behaviour is the concept to improve the overall productivity of an organisation by the process of explaining, predicting, maintaining, understanding and changing human behaviour. Management is a pivotal importance of modern society. It is for this reason that, no matter what thinking about management, certainly at university level, is of great relevance to management practice. So apart from the question of whether management claim that it is indispensable is really valid or not, the fact that practically every one believes it is , is what counts. {Mullin (2008)}. The 7s Models of McKinsey Strategy: the plan made to maintain and build competitive advantage over the competition. Structure: the way the organisation is structured and who reports to whom. Systems: the daily activities and procedures that staff members engage in to get the job done. Shared Values: called super ordinate goals when the model was first developed, these are the core values of the company that are evidenced in the corporate culture and the general work ethic. Style: the style of leadership adopted. Staff: the employees and their general capabilities. Skills: the actual skills and competencies of the employees working for the company. Start with your Shared Values: Are they consistent with your structure, strategy, and systems? If not, what needs to change? How well does each one support the others? Identify where changes need to be made. Do they support one another? If not, what needs to change? As you adjust and align the elements, youll need to use an iterative (and often time consuming) process of making adjustments, and then re-analyzing how that impacts other elements and their alignment. The end result of better performance will be worth it. The McKinsey 7Ss model is one that can be applied to almost any organizational or team effectiveness issue. If something within your organization or team isnt working, chances are there is inconsistency between some of the elements identified by this classic model. Once these inconsistencies are revealed, you can work to align the internal elements to make sure they are all contributing to the shared goals and values. The process of analyzing where you are right now in terms of these elements is worthwhile in and of itself. But by taking this analysis to the next level and determining the ultimate state for each of the factors, you can really move your organization or team forward. In Search of Excellence the eight themes A bias for action, active decision making getting on with it. Close to the customer learning from the people served by the business. Autonomy and entrepreneurship fostering innovation and nurturing champions. Productivity through people treating rank and file employees as a source of quality. Hands-on, value-driven management philosophy that guides everyday practice management showing its commitment. Stick to the knitting stay with the business that you know. Simple form, lean staff some of the best companies have minimal HQ staff. Simultaneous loose-tight properties autonomy in shop-floor activities plus centralised values. Peter and Waterman identified customer satisfaction as one of the important attribute for successful growth of an organization. They suggests organizations should go close to listen and learn from people they serve. Try to provide reliable and quality service. {Mullin (2008)}. Management and leadership are two sides of a coin. Leadership is related to motivation, communication and interpersonal behavior. It influences both individual and organizational performance. Leadership in Management comprises of four basic principles namely commitment, planning, action and evaluation{Mullin (2008)}. Kotter says that successful companies do not wait for leaders to join them. They recruit and select people with leadership potential and train them to develop managerial skills{Mullin (2008)}. However, the style and approach adopted by Foxconn Technology highlight different dimensions and is still successful. Being one of the largest electronics manufacturing services organization in the world , established in 1974 at Taipei, China has 25 factories in 13 countries with 700,000 employees world wide. The organization provides one stop solution from design and manufacturing to logistic, to repair and maintenance. The five key principles of the business model include, speed, quality, technology, flexibility and cost efficiency, which has proven Foxconn sustainability. The eight C core competence include, computers, telecommunication, consumer electronics, channel business, car, digital contents, health care, CSER Investment. The principles of corporate governance values in partnership with customers, suppliers, shareholders and community. It has board of directors , who represent the individual company unit from different countries and two independent directors and Chief Executive Officer. ( Foxconn 2009). The company uses military style . Security guards beat and shout at workers. The lower rank workers are unhappy with management. The labor union is not efficient and effective . They do silly things jobs like booking tickets and are not bothered about rights of workers. Some workers are frustrated because payments are deducted with unfair reasons. Some workers work overtime up to 120 hrs in order to earn a decent living. Foxconn lost 150000 workers in past three months. Employees dont get opportunity to socialize due to over crowding at work place. In a interview with Richest chines Magazine, the companys chief Terry Gou says, he personally works 15 hours a day and expects all of his employees to work as hard as him. The CEO, Gou exhibit extremes of severity and kindness. To quote a example, in a meeting he got disappointed on hearing a unsatisfactory answer from a executive and made him to stand for 10 minutes. At the same time Mr. Gou rewards his employees by paying executive bonus es out of his own pocket. ( Global Times 2010). Recently the Foxconn global high tech industry was in news due to suicides of 13 workers. The reason behind could be extreme pressure. The death of Chao hiung raised doubt of foul play as his body was discovered with four stab wounds .Does he really committed suicide or was beaten by security guards has created an atmosphere of threat amongst workers.( POC 2010). The leadership at Foxconn appears to be autocratic and shows transactional approach. The said approach state that authority is concentrated and centralized with leader. He is sole decision maker and derives policies and the way the task has to be done. The system of reward and punishment is place. Such leadership is unlikely to work in the modern democratic world. Rajan points out that leadership styles are needed to cope with different situations. Goleman reports that most effective executives use a collection of distinct leadership styles, each in the right measure at just the right time {Mullin (2008)}. Management is an art which has scientific base and needs to be practiced in a magical and artistic way keeping in mind the politics around. The view has been supported in the research work. {Mullin (2008)}. The Citigroup Inc. is a major global financial services company based in New York and employees 260, 000 staff around the world. Due to financial industry developments and competitive issues led to massive changes and re-organization at Citigroup leading to mergers and acquisitions. There were 25% lay-of in Information system division and remaining employees were reorganized into a focus work team structure in an effort to keep high performance level ( Innerwork 2010). However it was observed that morale in remaining employees survivors was very low. Employees had very poor trust level with management, fear and uncertainty, lack of communication, poor level of team work, finger pointing, blame fixing, disorganized approach to service the business unit customers ( Innerwork 2010). Realizing the important facts, the Citi group partnered with a consultancy company Inner work to rebuild morale, productivity and customer focus. Inner work company came out with a number of solutions comprising of encouraging department to organize small leadership team, then developed integrated curriculum of self change, Team change, monthly lessons on site to for deep learning ( Innerwork 2010). Results were encouraging at the end of six month training program showing 76% increase in trust level, 32.85% increase in various measure of team effectiveness, 48% increase in open and honest communication, 75% increase in personal power/ability to respond to change, 68% increase in personal emotional mastery, 65% reduction in stress, 75% increase in commitment to the organization. There behavioral change led to 75% reduction in cycle time for software development, 33-50% increase in work team productivity ( Innerwork 2010). The intervention made by Citigroup is theoretically supported by the productivity through people. {Mullin (2008)}. The Foxconn and citigroup case studies attract attention to these two important attributes namely trust and communication required for performance. Citigroups timely intervention in the form training proved beneficial to gather trust between employees and management. The Foxconn need to put attention on transparency in communication and use policies for safety at work place and work hour limitation to avoid stress. Counseling of employees will go long way in transforming the attitude. Considering observations from Foxconn, Citigroup studies and reading various research articles and conclusion drawn by them, the role of human resource management has important role to successful performance of work organization.. The strategic use of human resources will help managers to get true values by optimally using competencies of people. The traditional view of looking at HRM ( Human Resource Management) as a department for planning human resources, recruitment, selection, induction, training, consultation with unions, development of employees, compliance to law requirements, record keeping, statistics, lessoning with government department is all set to change {Mullin (2008)}. Companies today face five critical challenges, like globalization, profitability, technology, retaining intellectual capital and the change coming over in the new millennium. The practice of HRM is getting affected by cultural diversity due to globalization, which necessitates to derive common culture and policies, which can suit changes in structure and strategies can be implemented globally. The major area of relevance to effective performance remain training and development. The basic role of a manager is to direct, develop, encourage and train subordinate people. This can help to improve knowledge, skills and change in attitude. But mind all line managers are their own human resource managers and the HRM function is a shared responsibility among top management, line managers and supervisors. The crucial activity of HRM is to judge performance of people, which can help top management to make key managerial decisions relating to allocation of duties and responsibilities, pay, empowerment and levels of supervision, promotion, training and development and career progression. However it is equally necessary to have performance management system in place with regular monitoring and feed back. The formulation of system which include qualitative or quantitative measures , frequency of monitoring and method of feed back like 360degree or upward feed back need to be discussed with the line mangers , supervisors and top management. Observations drawn from the Foxconn is just efficient but not effective. And the Citigroup case study where in emphasis was led on training indicate the HRM activities do help Organization to perform effectively. Stone from research work has identified six steps for effective management namely, Senior managers are committed to the process. Objectives are clear. Feedback is balance. Progress is reviewed. Development plans are included in the process. Managers have the right skill to support the process. This supports the discussion made about management and the factors which play critical role in effective performance of an organization. With changing nature of modern work organizations a survey undertaken by management today draws attention to the changing relationship between organization and individuals. The dispersed teams across multiple location would often work as virtual teams. The greater empowerment will led to shift of responsibility from organization to individuals. And the role of Management and there by manager will be questioned.{Mullin (2008)}. Factors Some more factors to determine the effective performance of work organisation are organisational structure, motivation and reward, objectives/goals/missions, values, team working, diversity. Organisational Structure Organisations always prefers formal structure that is why organisations manage with responsibilities. They create the formal structure which helps the organisation to achieve their desired goals. and most of the times these formal structures set out on paper in the form of organisational charts. The organisations which is based on day to day reality they develops informal structure between the members. Informal structure can be different from that which they set out on paper. In todays world managers need to learn and work with both formal and informal organisational structures. The flexibility should be there in managers than they can realise that the elements of the informal structure may be formalised. When managers take the elements from informal structures and modified them into formal structures then this may lead to high level of motivation for the staff which is involved in that organisation. The structure of an organisation not only affects productivity and economic capacity but also the morale and job satisfaction of its members. The overall successfulness of the organisation is influenced by sound structural design and by the behaviour of people working in that organisation. It is so significant to remember relationship between structure and the realities of organisational behaviour. The organisational structures which supports the retail fashion industry are heavily focused on two main tasks making reliable predictions about design trends and achieving cost reduction in the production process. Unlike other companies who design and order their ranges of clothing in advance, Zara makes only what is selling at the moment. if the designs sells good it increase the production if not then they stop producing it ,the company has not lost much as volume of remaindered items is small. Motivation And Reward The motivation is some driving force within individuals by which they do efforts to achieve some objective in order to fulfil their needs or expectations. When people are motivated and rewarded in the organisation than they put extra efforts to achieve their goals. With the motivation and reward policy adopting in an organisation will helps in effecting the successful performance of work organisation. Mission/Objectives/Goals Organisation never sets the objectives but people in an organisation sets the objectives. They are established by the people either individually or by the number of individual co-opera tingly. Like a group of senior management agree on certain desired course of action that may then announced as an organisational objective. The setting objectives is an integral part of the process of management and necessary aspect in almost each and every organisation. Objectives can be set out either in general terms or it may be in more specific terms. General objectives are ascertained by the top level of management. Specific objectives are given with in span of general objectives and usually have more cleared areas of applications and time limits. The objectives of an organisations are the reasons behind their existence. The objective is something which an organisation is striving to achieve. Just objectives can be controlled but the clear defined objectives will help in communications and also h elp in reducing misunderstandings and provide more explained criteria for obtaining work organisation performance. Organization need to be efficient in doing the right things with utilize the resources in optimum way and should be effective in doing the right things relating to organizational objectives. The output in the form of increased net earnings, delivery of service, good results in focus areas, customer satisfaction, changes adapted according to the demands and expectations of external environment which is ultimately perceived as performance. Values And Team Work Task/work is a team based based activity and teams and groups are an important feature of human behaviour and work organisation. Members have to be co-ordinate to carried out the work. Good team work helps in raising the level of morale and work organisation performance. There is a tendency for teams and groups to be used interchangeably. Whereas all teams are groups , it doesnt essentially follow that all groups are teams. Groups or teams develop their own style of values and norms of behaviour. There are two forms of groups at work one is formal and another is informal. Formal group is the part of the organisation structure . it is deliberately planned and formed by management to do their respective tasks and achieve organisational goals. Informal groups are based on personal relationship and develop irrespective of formal structure. Informal groups are hired to satisfy members psychological and social needs. Groups are created for a number of reasons relating to performance of wor k and social processes. Individuals can form into teams and groups for a number of reasons relating to both work performance and social processes in both sense formal and informal. The managers main concern is that members in that teams and groups should co-ordinate. The factors that effect team cohesiveness can be considered under the broad headings of membership, environment of work, organisational and team development and maturity. There are potential disadvantages of strong, cohesive teams and the manger should attempt to prevent unconstructive intergroup rivalry. However, intergroup conflict may be deliberately promote as a means of building stronger with in team cohesiveness. Self-Managed Teams Organisations are facing hard competition in the global market and are sure to face increasing battles in the future. To position themselves for growth in the coming times, many organizations are making the alteration to an empowered personnel. In an empowering atmosphere, those adjoining to the job are given the duties to make decisions regarding their own work and their own customers. Implementing self-managed teams is a step towards achieving an empowered society. Details the five necessary steps for successful team implementation including: the six-step process for designing teams, adopting team selection systems, addressing new training needs, initiating leadership transitions and changing roles, and rewarding team rather than individual performance. Self-managing teams are also known as self-directing work teams, represent a innovatory approach to the mode work is organised and performed. Instead of organising work based on the traditional Taylor model reducing a process to in dividual steps work becomes restructured around whole processes. There must be interdependence and joint responsibility for outputs if there is to be a self-directed work team. Whereas the traditional system reduces the required skill at every level of work, producing boredom in the bottom-level jobs, the new system integrates the needs of the people with the work to be done and those closest to the jobs help design the job. In the RL Wolfe case study: Implementing Self managed Teams for example, it states how well self created teams are used to create successful organisations and how well it is being implemented throughout the organisation. In 2003 as stated in this case, when RL Wolfe purchased Moon Plastics a small, family-owned custom plastics manufacturer in Corpus Christi Amasi (director of production and Engineering at RL Wolfe) had seen an opportunity to implement self-managed teams at the new plant. He had been interested in self created teams for several years, since taking a business school executive education course on workforce motivation and team structures. Amasi had been intrigued by reports of 30% to 40% improvements in productivity and quality for SDT-run units, when compared with traditional manufacturing facilities, and returns on investment more than three times the industry average. Those reports had come from a variety of industries -food and beverage, consumer goods but Amasi f elt he saw evidence that he could use the SDT model to drive high productivity in a plastic pipe manufacturing plant. High productivity, in his view, was 95% or more of design capacity. Wolfes two other plastic pipe manufacturing plants were running at 65%-70% of design capacity. Amasis first step had been to gain the board of directors approval to approach the worker union and offer a long-sought concession in health care coverage to clear the path for what became known as the Corpus Christi experiment. The new plant would not be unionized; in contrast to Wolfes other two plants. His second step had been to lure 35-year-old Jay Winslow from Wolfes top competitor to become plant manager. Individual Differences and Diversity Diversity challenges many traditional stereotypes and organisation needs to manage diversity ina manner that benefits the well being of all staff members . one of the most important aspects of managing diversity is that of gender equality and the participation of men and women in the work organisation. Conclusion and Recommendation There is multiple of variables which invade on any organisation and which shows the complicated nature of the study of work organisational effectiveness . Organisations needs to be efficient, effective, adaptable and give attention to innovation . One important approach of interdependent organisational variable to organising is McKinsey 7-s framework. Gratton refers six tenets of the democratic leadership organisation in which win-win approach relationship for both the individual and the organisation. The main factor in organisational effectiveness is the successful management of new inventions means innovation and change the concept of the learning organisation. A radical approach to organisational change and restructuring involves a fundamental rethinking of business processes. There is continues demand for managerial development as an internal part of the organisational development . Concentration needs to be given to learning, training, performance review , planning and career pr ogression. Management growth should be seen as a on going process and involves formal programmes of on going professional growth and management accepting responsibility for self growth. There is a wide variety of interconnected individual team, group, organisational and environmental influences on behaviour in work organisation. Work organisation can be analysed in terms of open systems framework, group work, teamwork and leadership. The role of management ,management style and effectiveness, profile of organisational characteristics, contribution of the human resource management (HRM) function ,key areas of performance and results, design of organisation structure, organisational control systems, planned organisation change, organisational culture and climate. A programme of organisation audit involves a review of the operations of the organisation as whole. In addition to anxiety for the current position of the work organisation, concentration should be given to its future growth and success. The driving force behind the successful 21st century work organisation will be its manpower( we people). Learning Outcomes: This assignment really has given me the chance to bring my academic knowledge to practical implementation and thoughts involved in obtaining my views has really broadened my knowledge, skills, horizon and this will further help me in my management career. This report has given me great learning towards organisational behaviour. If in my academic life I will get a chance I will definitely do a deep study in this area either by my some case coursework or dissertation and reading of books in relation to this.

Treatment Methods for Patients Diagnosed with Hepatitis C Virus Essay

Looking at treatment methods for patient diagnosed with Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Grogan and Timmons performed a quantitative study to look at patients’ experiences with a clinical specialist (2010). In reviewing this article, further discussion will include the study’s research design, participant assignment, data collection, and results. Focus Question Grogan and Timmons’ article state that their main focus â€Å"is to explore patients’ perceptions of the support they received from the nurse specialist in a HCV outpatient clinic of a National Hepatology Centre† (2010, p. 2871). Three main objectives or outcomes are then clarified, including â€Å"to identify the demographic profile of the study group†¦ to explore patients’ level of satisfaction with information and psychological support received†¦ [and] to determine if demographic variables impact† (2010, p. 2871). This study looked at â€Å"106 patients with a diagnosis of HCV attending a HCV outpatient clinic† (2010, p. 2869) with no intervention identified being that the study’s design format was of a descriptive nature. Research Design As the HCV study performed by Grogan and Timmins was of a quantitative descriptive design, randomized controlled trial was not carried out. The descriptive approach seems appropriate in nature for the aim and objectives being sought out. This study searches to find how patients view a nurse specialist and the treatments received at an outpatient clinic, for which a questionnaire regarding HCV treatment and satisfaction levels seems fitting (Grogan & Timmins, 2010). Repeating research on this topic could help to determine optimal treatment methods for those diagnosed with HCV. Further research could also have the potential to provide insigh... ...acological treatment therapy of HCV patients has been shown to provide psychological support as well as offer a sounding board for questions through the study conducted by Grogan and Timmins (2010). Clinical specialists aid in the patients ease of gaining knowledge such as the disease process itself, prevention on spreading the disease, and ways to maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle. Repeated studies need to be conducted to increase validity and reliability of the results provided by Grogan and Timmins, but this study provides a solid base for which to form other studies on HCV and various treatment opportunities. Works Cited Grogan, A., & Timmins, F. (2010). Patients' perceptions of information and support received from the nurse specialist during HCV treatment. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19(19/20), 2869-2878. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03239

Close to the Water’s Edge Essay

Close to the Water’s Edge is a short story written by the Irish writer Claire Keegan. The main character in the story is a boy who just turned 19. He is a student at the Harvard University or as he call it himself Cambridge, which is the town where Harvard University is situated. Through out the story he is staying at his mother’s penthouse apartment near the ocean. His birthday party is marked by a dinner at the fancy restaurant Leonardo’s. But the atmosphere at the dinner is cold and cynical. The conversations between the main character, his mother and his millionaire stepfather is not comfortable and cheerfully but more snide and spiteful. The millionaire stepfather is trying several times to discuss about homosexual men as a part of the military with the main character, but every time his mother tries to change the subject to something else like: how he is the top of his class at Harvard or how good the olives tastes. The grandmother of the main character is the only person who really gets him, and through flashbacks you hear of her life living on a pig farm with a husband that she did not love, and the regrets of her life that she did not leave him and try to make a better life for her self. It is important for a person to take decisions in life, decided and chosen by themselves, decisions that will create and lead on the way to the future and finally to form a unique identity. In life many people have tons of roads to choose between, and it is the way you choose that will defined you as a person. In the choice of the road the person is finally going to choose, many people are trying to influence the chose, but in the end you have to decide for yourself to create your own future and unique identity. This is shown in the short story Close to the Water’s Edge, where the main character is struggling to find his own way in life but his mother is trying to choose for him and plan his future as she wish it to become. The main character is a very sensitive, polite and intelligent young man. But underneath the surface he feels impotencies, he feels void towards his parents who will not accept him for whom he really is, gay and careless of wealth. His mother thinks that wealth means happiness â€Å"You play your cards right and this could all be yours someday. He’s god no kids. You wonder why I married him, but I was thinking of you all along† (p. 3 l. 76-78). But he don’t care about wealth, it seems unimportant to him â€Å"He does not care for these rooms, with the vicious swordfish mounted on the walls and all these mirrors that make it impossible to do the simplest thing without seeing his reflection. † (p. 1 l. 4-7) In the story there are lots of clues that points that he is gay â€Å"He stays out on the beach and though his shades watches the bathers, the procession of young men with washboard bellies walking the beach. (p. 1 l. 8-10) â€Å"He will never marry; he knows that now† (p. 4 l. 165-166) Through the dinner at Leonardo’s his millionaire stepfather tries scornfully to influence subjects that points out his sexuality or just to pan homosexuality â€Å"Did you hear about this guy Clinton? Says if he’s elected president he’s going to let queers into the military† (p. 2 l. 88-89) â€Å"How come you never bring a girl down? † (p. 2 l. 123-124). The mother is a beautiful hot tempered woman, a bit superficial and wears expensive clothes and lots of make-up. She married the millionaire Richard, in hope of giving herself and her son the best chance for success in life, but she forgot to stop and ask her son what it was he wanted of life and in what way he wanted to achieve success in life. Richard, the millionaire stepfather is an unsympathetic and cruel man throughout the entire story; it seems like he doesn’t care for anybody but himself, it is shown in the way that he take no notice of his wife’s wish about not bringing up the fact that her son is gay. And in the way he is taunting the main character by giving him a pink cake as a joke, the stepfather think it is funny because the main character is gay. â€Å"It is a pink cake, the pinkest cake the young man has ever seen, like a cake you’d have at a christening party for twin girls. The millionaire is grinning. † (p. 3, l. 135-137) The Grandmother tells the drearily story about a wasted life. Through flashbacks the story about how her biggest wish was leaving the Tennessean pig farm where she was living with her husband, and run away to go to the Atlantic. One day her husband finally agrees in fulfilling her dream. When they arrive at the Ocean he tell her that she got one hour and if she is not back by then he will leave her. At five minutes past the appointed hour, he slammed the car door and turned the ignition on. But the grandmother jumped into the road and stopped him, and afterwards she climbed into the car. She later told her grandson, the main character, that if she had her life to live again, she would never have climbed back into that car. Her life is the symbol of the wasted life, where other people chose the decisions for her and chose the roads she had to go. The story is told by a limited omniscient 3. person narrator. This effect the story. In a way makes it more serious, because a limited omniscient narrator creates a focus on the deep and almost melodramatic thoughts of life that the main character has. If we had heard the mother’s thoughts instead of his, it would create another story with all new perspectives. But because it is the main characters point of view, it makes it much easier to see the moral of the story. As stated earlier on, the main character is not free. He is not in the process of choosing his own road towards his future and identity, but is being controlled by his mother and the stepfather. His mother is trying to make him choose the lifestyle she has decided is best for him, rich and successful. At one point in the story, there is a clear symbol on how the mother is holding him down and pressing him, it is in the first part of the story, when the boy is out on the balcony and his mother is tiring his tie in a â€Å"unnecessarily tight bow† (p. 3 l. 70). Later on after the dinner at Leonardo’s he is walking down the beach and starts thinking about his grandmother, who lived a life in where she was total controlled by her husband and did not have the freedom to make her own chooses, and how she regret that she did not stood up to her husband. He realizes that just as his grandmother he is not living the life he wants to live. He wants to break free of the life he is living where he is not able to choose for himself, he loosens the knot around his neck as a symbol of how he is breaking the controlling grasp his mother has on him. The main character is now standing in a central point of the story. He is standing close to the water’s edge on the beach. He is going to have to choose either jumping in the water and taking the chance with his life that his grandmother never took, she was afraid of how deep the water was, but she later regret that she did not take the chance, the other opportunity is staying on solid ground well knowing how the rest of his life will turn out, planed by his mother. He takes the risk and jump into the water, not knowing what will happen, but it is a chose of his own. The way of how he is going into the water is a symbol of rebirth. The main character is going through a development deep inside of him, he is breaking up with the controlling of her mother and starts taking his own choices and controlling his own life. In the meanwhile this development of his life is happing another developing is taken place, where he is going from being a boy to being a man.

Increase Motivation for Reading through Choice

Increase Motivation for Reading through Choice When the headlines report  that  the overall average reading score of 8th students in 2015 declined in comparison to the previous assessment in 2013, there was a chorus of educators who  most likely responded: But...they just dont want to read! The report released by the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) is considered a benchmark on the academic progress of an estimated  60 million secondary students  attending private and public middle and high schools in the United States. The most recent statistics on these students indicate that there is a significant drop in reading proficiency levels in grades 7-12. For example, only 34 percent of 8th graders (2015) scored at or above proficient levels on the, the largest nationally representative and continuing assessment. This NAEP data also shows a disturbing trend, with reading scores of eighth graders across demographic groups declining from 2013 to 2015. The report confirms what secondary teachers have been saying anecdotally, that  both high and low achieving students are often unmotivated to read. This lack of motivation has been also explored as a cultural problem in David Denbys New Yorker article, Do Teens Read Seriously Anymore?  and illustrated in an  infographic created by Common Sense Media  (2014) titled  Children, Teens and Reading. Perhaps it is no surprise to researchers that the decline in reading proficiency coincides with a decline with student autonomy or choice in reading materials. That decline in choice is created by an increase in teacher control of reading materials at the higher grade levels.   TheyWere Once Readers In the elementary grades, students are given the opportunity to develop a sense of autonomy in reading choice; they are allowed and encouraged to independently select books to read. There is explicit instruction in making good choices in lessons that explain how to judge a   just right book using questions such as: Are there more than five words on a page you don’t know?Are you confused about what is happening in most of this book? This autonomy contributes to the growth of a reader. According to J.T.  Guthrie, et al, in the research brief Reading Motivation and Reading Comprehension Growth in the Later Elementary Years, (2007)  published in  Contemporary Educational Psychology: Children who valued choosing their own books subsequently developed elaborate strategies for selecting books and reported being more intrinsically motivated readers. By giving their students a choice of reading materials in the early grades, elementary teachers increase academic independence and motivation.   However, in most school systems, a students choice of reading material lessens as he or she moves up to the middle and high school grades. Assessment and Standards are Factors By the time a student moves into the middle grades, the  emphasis is on on discipline specific reading materials, as seen in the recommendation by the English Language Arts (ELA) Common Core State Standards in  Literacy  (Key Design Considerations) . This recommendation has resulted in an increase in the reading percentage of nonfiction or informational texts in all disciplines, not just ELA: By grade 8, reading materials should be 45% literary fiction and 55% informational texts;By the time students graduate, reading materials should be 30% literary fiction and 70% informational texts.   These same education researchers,  Guthrie et al, have also published an e-book (2012)  Motivation, achievement, and Classroom Contexts for Information Book Reading, to  document their pursuit of what motivates students to read and what classroom contexts best promote motivation. They note in their e-book that because schools are seeing an increase in educational accountability at different levels and there are a variety of  reading materials are assigned in all subject areas so that teachers can take formal and frequent evaluations of their students. Much of this reading material used for accountability, however, is dull: Middle school students overwhelmingly describe the information texts they read in science classes as boring, irrelevant, and difficult to understand- hardly a recipe for positive motivation to read this material. The researchers who argue for student autonomy agree that  student interest in reading independently (for fun) diminishes  when teachers overly control reading topics or materials. This is especially true for low achieving students. Researcher  Carol Gordon noted  that for this population of adolescents, student attitude is another factor. She explains: Since low-achievers typically do not read voluntarily outside of school, most of their reading is mandated. These students express anger and defiance, as indicated by survey data. In many cases, low achievers don’t really hate to read- they hate to be told what to read. Paradoxically, low-achieving students are the population that would benefit the most from an increase in voluntary reading. To counter the recent drops in reading proficiency, educators need to stop telling students, high and low-achieving, what to read so that students can develop develop ownership over their reading choices. Choice Motivates Students to Read One of the best ways to move beyond assigning all reading is for teachers to provide time in the academic day for voluntary reading of texts for extended periods of time. There may be objections to the use of already dedicated academic time, but the research indicates that time spent reading in school improves academic performance. This is true even for the light or fun reading of young adult literature.  Gordon explains that the  practice of free voluntary reading is not only conducive to reading motivation, [but] it actually works better than direct instruction. She cites Stephen Krashens work (2004) with 54 students, with 51 of those students who scored higher on reading tests than similar students given traditional skill-based reading instruction. Another compelling  argument for providing time in the school day to reading practice is the comparison  to the practice necessary one needs to do in order to become proficient at a sport; the increased number of practice hours increases performance. Even 10 minutes a day of reading can have dramatic effects by simply exposing students to multiple texts text. Researcher  M.J. Adams (2006) developed a data breakdown that illustrates how ten minutes of daily book reading in middle school will increase a student’s exposure to print by about 700,000 words each year. This exposure surpasses the amount of reading currently done by the same grade level students who are performing at the 70th percentile.   To facilitate student voluntary reading, students need access to reading materials that allow for their choice of reading materials. Independent reading libraries in classrooms can help students generate a sense of agency. Students can discover and share authors, explore topics in the  genres that appeal to them, and improve their reading habits. Create Independent Classroom Libraries The publisher Scholastic produced a report, Kids Family Reading Report (5th edition, 2014) As a publisher of children and young adult literature, Scholastic has a vested interest in increasing the number of readers across the country. In their research based on student polling, they found that in populations aged 12-17,  78% of frequent readers who read books for fun 5-7 times per week are provided time and choice in contrast to the 24% of the infrequent readers who are not provided time or choice. Scholastic also noted that choice for adolescents requires easy access to a wide range of interesting texts. One of their recommendations was that school districts must begin to put money into texts and   allocate funds for high-interest books. They recommend that independent reading libraries should be developed with student input as the critical resource for increasing reading proficiency. Another proponent for independent reading is   Penny Kittle,  an  English teacher and literacy coach at Kennett High School in North Conway, New Hampshire. She has written  Book Love.  a popular guide to helping secondary students read independently. In this guide,  Kittle offers strategies to help teachers, particularly English Language Arts teachers, to increase the volume of what students read and to deepen student thinking about what they read. She offers advice on how to build up those classroom libraries including  grant writing   or applications to  Donor’s Choose  or  The Book Love Foundation. Asking for multiple copies of texts from book clubs and going to warehouse, garage, and library sales are also great ways to grow the classroom libraries. Developing a good relationship with the school library is also important, and students should be encourages to recommend texts for purchase. Finally, teachers can look for the numerous options available wi th e-texts. Choice: ADesired Option The research concludes that there are millions of students who do not have the rudimentary reading skills that are needed to locate relevant information or make simple inferences. Without the necessary literacy skills for college or career, students may be retained in school or drop out of high school.   The consequences for underdeveloped literacy to the student and to the economic welfare of the country can mean the collective loss of billions of dollars in wages and earnings over a lifetime. Secondary educators need to guide students to associate reading with enjoyment and a worthwhile activity by offering choice. This association can result in making reading a desired option; to make students want to read. The benefits of allowing and encouraging students to make choices about reading will last beyond   school careers and throughout their lives.

25 Words and Their Prepositional Pals

25 Words and Their Prepositional Pals 25 Words and Their Prepositional Pals 25 Words and Their Prepositional Pals By Mark Nichol You probably know a preposition a word that shows a relationship between two words or phrases by demonstrating place, time, or another quality when you see it, but that’s grammar. What about usage? Which prepositions go with a given verb or adjective, and when? Some choices are no-brainers, but others can present a challenge. Here’s a guide to various words that require writers to choose from more than one preposition depending on meaning and sentence construction: 1. Abide â€Å"with us for a while,† â€Å"by the rules† (or â€Å"I can’t abide him†). 2. Answer â€Å"to him for what you’ve done,† â€Å"for what you’ve done.† 3. Caution â€Å"about unsafe conditions,† â€Å"against the rash proposal.† 4. Compare â€Å"with other products that make the same claims,† â€Å"apples to oranges.† 5. Confide â€Å"in her about my problems,† â€Å"to him what I really think.† 6. Conversant â€Å"about climate change,† â€Å"in several languages,† â€Å"with aspects of technology.† 7. Differ â€Å"from other species in their diet,† â€Å"with them about the cause of the company’s failure,† or â€Å"about public policy,† â€Å"on public policy,† or â€Å"over public policy.† 8. Different â€Å"from what he was used to,† â€Å"than he was used to.† From is the preferred usage, but than substitutes for â€Å"from what.† (â€Å"Different to† is a Britishism.) 9. Dissent â€Å"against the status quo,† â€Å"from the majority opinion.† (To or with are not considered standard usage.) 10. Dissimilar â€Å"to her previous sculpture.† (From is considered incorrect.) 11. Enamored â€Å"of every woman he meets.† (With is considered incorrect.) 12. Equivalent â€Å"in amounts,† â€Å"to the earlier result.† (With is not considered standard usage.) 13. Excerpt â€Å"from their book was reprinted without their permission.† (Of is considered incorrect.) 14. Forbid â€Å"him from attending,† â€Å"him to attend.† (To is considered the more correct of the two choices.) 15. Identical â€Å"to the one she saw yesterday,† â€Å"with the one she saw yesterday.† (Language purists consider with more correct, but use of to is significantly more common.) 16. Independent â€Å"of the group, he protested the plan.† (From, as in â€Å"Independent from her family,† is considered incorrect.) 17. Instilled â€Å"instilled a few drops of the solution into the wound,† â€Å"in him a drive to succeed.† (With, as in â€Å"Instilled with a drive to succeed,† is considered incorrect.) 18. Oblivious â€Å"of the warning signs,† â€Å"to the noise†; the choices are often interchangeable. (About is often used in association with oblivious, but it’s not considered standard usage.) 19. Vexed â€Å"about her behavior,† â€Å"at her behavior.† The correct preposition to use with the following words depends on whether the object is a person or a thing: 20. Comment â€Å"about her† or â€Å"to you about what happened,† but â€Å"on the issue.† 21. Impatient â€Å"with him,† but â€Å"about the delay,† â€Å"at the delay,† or â€Å"with the delay.† 22. Inquired â€Å"of him where he was going† and â€Å"after her whereabouts,† but â€Å"into their progress† or â€Å"about the vacant apartment.† 23. Mastery â€Å"over all other competitors,† but â€Å"of the skill.† 24. Reconcile â€Å"with her boyfriend,† but â€Å"to the loss of her boyfriend.† 25. Succeed â€Å"as a businessperson,† but â€Å"to the position.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Fly, Flew, (has) FlownFlied?36 Poetry TermsThe 7 Types of Possessive Case